compiler: Enhance IR to support more advanced parlang (CUDA/HIP/SYCL) features

[FabioLuporini]

99% of this has already been reviewed in #2748, but I prefer to open a new one so that the branch names across OSS and PRO match up , since the PRO PR is huge

This one has also been rebased on latest main

[codecov]

Codecov Report

❌ Patch coverage is 88.82353% with 19 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.
✅ Project coverage is 83.02%. Comparing base (6061b76) to head (d1d4020).

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
devito/passes/iet/definitions.py	72.72%	6 Missing and 3 partials ⚠️
devito/ir/support/guards.py	0.00%	2 Missing and 2 partials ⚠️
devito/passes/iet/engine.py	75.00%	4 Missing ⚠️
devito/arch/archinfo.py	0.00%	2 Missing ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@           Coverage Diff           @@
##             main    #2822   +/-   ##
=======================================
  Coverage   83.02%   83.02%           
=======================================
  Files         248      248           
  Lines       51075    51168   +93     
  Branches     4492     4499    +7     
=======================================
+ Hits        42403    42484   +81     
- Misses       7901     7910    +9     
- Partials      771      774    +3     

Flag	Coverage Δ
pytest-gpu-aomp-amdgpuX	68.41% <62.12%> (-0.03%)	⬇️
pytest-gpu-nvc-nvidiaX	68.95% <62.12%> (-0.03%)	⬇️

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[EdCaunt]

Would it be worth having a _hashable_content attached to Space with a

def __hash__(self):
    return hash((type(self).__name__,) + tuple(getattr(i) for i in self._hashable_content))

and extending _hashable_content with each subclass?

I think it might improve concision, maintainability, and readability