Compare:
- Python 3.12.3
datetime - python-dateutil
- arrow
- pendulum
- udatetime
- pydantic (used only in benchmarks where we parse an argument)
- pandas (used only in benchmarks where we parse an argument)
There are three types of benchmarks or three types of actions you can do in your code:
- Manipulating datetime, date, duration objects.
- Parsing (for example, converting a string to an object).
- Dumping (for example, converting an object to a string).
- Install Poetry.
- Activate the virtual environment and install dependencies:
poetry shell && poetry install.
Some packages (for example, udatetime) may require additional dependencies for building from source.
Read the documentation for specific packages if the installation fails.
Suggestions and contributions are welcome.
pytest benchmark/ --benchmark-group-by=func --benchmark-histogram
If performance is important:
- Use Python
datetimemodule for manipulating dates and times. - Use Python
datetimemodule,udatetimeorPydanticfor parsing.
pendulum and arrow can be several times slower. Use third-party packages if you need additional functionality for manipulating dates, and a possible performance overhead can be ignored, and you are not going to implement these helper functions with a standard library.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------ benchmark 'test_add_timedelta': 4 tests ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name (time in us) Min Max Mean StdDev Median IQR Outliers OPS (Kops/s) Rounds Iterations
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
test_add_timedelta[python] 1.3777 (1.0) 9.4570 (1.0) 1.4470 (1.0) 0.1682 (1.0) 1.4270 (1.0) 0.0237 (1.0) 2329;10254 691.0744 (1.0) 158857 3
test_add_timedelta[dateutil] 10.3410 (7.51) 34.2670 (3.62) 10.7714 (7.44) 0.7853 (4.67) 10.6600 (7.47) 0.1270 (5.37) 1532;4491 92.8383 (0.13) 67486 1
test_add_timedelta[pendulum] 13.0140 (9.45) 40.3800 (4.27) 13.4547 (9.30) 0.7906 (4.70) 13.3440 (9.35) 0.1190 (5.03) 1076;2209 74.3232 (0.11) 43195 1
test_add_timedelta[arrow] 20.2350 (14.69) 61.2210 (6.47) 20.8205 (14.39) 1.0446 (6.21) 20.6510 (14.47) 0.1610 (6.80) 713;1436 48.0295 (0.07) 22378 1
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- benchmark 'test_convert_dt_to_isoformat_string': 4 tests --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name (time in ns) Min Max Mean StdDev Median IQR Outliers OPS (Kops/s) Rounds Iterations
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
test_convert_dt_to_isoformat_string[udatetime] 771.7004 (1.0) 2,948.6997 (1.0) 780.8776 (1.0) 47.8781 (1.0) 776.2006 (1.0) 2.6004 (1.0) 1140;6161 1,280.6105 (1.0) 118274 10
test_convert_dt_to_isoformat_string[python] 2,003.5004 (2.60) 11,988.5008 (4.07) 2,096.7291 (2.69) 207.6502 (4.34) 2,074.0008 (2.67) 35.4958 (13.65) 2831;13091 476.9333 (0.37) 183858 2
test_convert_dt_to_isoformat_string[arrow] 2,556.9971 (3.31) 18,687.9988 (6.34) 2,709.2313 (3.47) 507.6455 (10.60) 2,667.9991 (3.44) 65.0034 (25.00) 370;1380 369.1084 (0.29) 50343 1
test_convert_dt_to_isoformat_string[pendulum] 2,954.9992 (3.83) 22,440.9960 (7.61) 3,099.2284 (3.97) 320.3608 (6.69) 3,069.9957 (3.96) 54.9990 (21.15) 2452;7038 322.6610 (0.25) 163667 1
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- benchmark 'test_find_next_saturday': 4 tests -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name (time in ns) Min Max Mean StdDev Median IQR Outliers OPS (Kops/s) Rounds Iterations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
test_find_next_saturday[python] 562.6003 (1.0) 2,850.2000 (1.0) 587.7329 (1.0) 53.5427 (1.0) 584.3998 (1.0) 9.8000 (1.0) 918;3641 1,701.4532 (1.0) 108543 10
test_find_next_saturday[dateutil] 10,782.0015 (19.16) 52,891.0023 (18.56) 11,282.0677 (19.20) 902.4286 (16.85) 11,160.0020 (19.10) 144.0058 (14.69) 1528;3446 88.6362 (0.05) 64272 1
test_find_next_saturday[arrow] 19,154.9989 (34.05) 52,919.0002 (18.57) 19,734.1844 (33.58) 1,070.0743 (19.99) 19,567.9968 (33.48) 149.0043 (15.20) 1173;2166 50.6735 (0.03) 36935 1
test_find_next_saturday[pendulum] 32,342.0027 (57.49) 69,496.0036 (24.38) 33,126.3802 (56.36) 1,186.5940 (22.16) 32,916.0030 (56.32) 223.0008 (22.76) 1053;1740 30.1874 (0.02) 24387 1
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- benchmark 'test_now_local': 4 tests ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name (time in ns) Min Max Mean StdDev Median IQR Outliers OPS (Kops/s) Rounds Iterations
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
test_now_local[udatetime] 187.2919 (1.0) 970.2083 (1.0) 191.2808 (1.0) 16.3155 (1.0) 190.1250 (1.0) 1.7499 (1.10) 1211;9269 5,227.9151 (1.0) 198334 24
test_now_local[python] 411.6664 (2.20) 1,906.0832 (1.96) 417.9722 (2.19) 26.2972 (1.61) 416.0835 (2.19) 1.5837 (1.0) 1104;7198 2,392.5035 (0.46) 187512 12
test_now_local[pendulum] 2,279.0045 (12.17) 24,706.9984 (25.47) 2,474.8136 (12.94) 523.8641 (32.11) 2,423.9998 (12.75) 63.9993 (40.41) 2422;7815 404.0708 (0.08) 184468 1
test_now_local[arrow] 48,475.9948 (258.83) 94,399.0017 (97.30) 49,960.3951 (261.19) 1,568.3737 (96.13) 49,640.9994 (261.10) 479.2528 (302.61) 832;1035 20.0159 (0.00) 13461 1
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- benchmark 'test_now_utc': 5 tests ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name (time in ns) Min Max Mean StdDev Median IQR Outliers OPS (Kops/s) Rounds Iterations
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
test_now_utc[udatetime] 181.8400 (1.0) 865.0500 (1.0) 184.4154 (1.0) 9.0506 (1.0) 183.2900 (1.0) 0.6000 (1.0) 1171;3941 5,422.5413 (1.0) 51144 100
test_now_utc[python] 329.2854 (1.81) 2,357.6431 (2.73) 335.7876 (1.82) 25.2201 (2.79) 333.8573 (1.82) 2.1428 (3.57) 1162;7774 2,978.0735 (0.55) 193051 14
test_now_utc[dateutil] 512.4995 (2.82) 3,624.7999 (4.19) 527.4641 (2.86) 38.4500 (4.25) 524.1003 (2.86) 3.9996 (6.67) 1248;7646 1,895.8635 (0.35) 171058 10
test_now_utc[pendulum] 2,212.0003 (12.16) 36,348.0067 (42.02) 2,380.1713 (12.91) 453.4516 (50.10) 2,330.0017 (12.71) 63.0025 (105.01) 2641;7713 420.1378 (0.08) 179373 1
test_now_utc[arrow] 3,455.0030 (19.00) 24,911.0017 (28.80) 3,707.0545 (20.10) 531.9252 (58.77) 3,649.0019 (19.91) 78.9951 (131.66) 1624;3914 269.7559 (0.05) 106079 1
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ benchmark 'test_parse_utc_from_iso_8601': 7 tests ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name (time in ns) Min Max Mean StdDev Median IQR Outliers OPS (Kops/s) Rounds Iterations
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
test_parse_utc_from_iso_8601[python] 136.6000 (1.0) 358.9700 (1.0) 140.5325 (1.0) 5.8714 (1.0) 138.9400 (1.0) 4.4100 (1.0) 1125;1060 7,115.7914 (1.0) 68564 100
test_parse_utc_from_iso_8601[pydantic] 536.2499 (3.93) 3,557.1256 (9.91) 568.0249 (4.04) 54.9055 (9.35) 563.1246 (4.05) 12.2500 (2.78) 1546;7667 1,760.4862 (0.25) 185840 8
test_parse_utc_from_iso_8601[udatetime] 965.5996 (7.07) 5,729.1996 (15.96) 987.9847 (7.03) 88.4277 (15.06) 979.6000 (7.05) 6.5993 (1.50) 1469;15410 1,012.1615 (0.14) 185564 5
test_parse_utc_from_iso_8601[pandas] 5,345.0058 (39.13) 25,542.0018 (71.15) 5,637.5056 (40.12) 474.0446 (80.74) 5,581.9983 (40.18) 102.9985 (23.36) 1666;3212 177.3834 (0.02) 91017 1
test_parse_utc_from_iso_8601[dateutil] 11,748.9981 (86.01) 35,810.9974 (99.76) 12,203.1457 (86.84) 646.8194 (110.16) 12,119.0023 (87.22) 134.0013 (30.39) 1037;1910 81.9461 (0.01) 45202 1
test_parse_utc_from_iso_8601[pendulum] 12,517.9940 (91.64) 46,045.9996 (128.27) 13,071.3159 (93.01) 1,183.2546 (201.53) 12,901.0004 (92.85) 197.0038 (44.67) 947;2421 76.5034 (0.01) 36339 1
test_parse_utc_from_iso_8601[arrow] 74,172.9964 (542.99) 140,215.0010 (390.60) 75,776.3286 (539.21) 2,592.7289 (441.59) 75,152.0056 (540.90) 463.0056 (104.99) 730;903 13.1967 (0.00) 8238 1
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- benchmark 'test_parse_utc_from_iso_8601_duration': 3 tests -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name (time in ns) Min Max Mean StdDev Median IQR Outliers OPS (Kops/s) Rounds Iterations
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
test_parse_utc_from_iso_8601_duration[pydantic] 430.4500 (1.0) 3,700.9999 (1.0) 454.9460 (1.0) 34.9101 (1.0) 451.5499 (1.0) 11.0002 (1.0) 1233;2111 2,198.0631 (1.0) 104833 20
test_parse_utc_from_iso_8601_duration[pendulum] 10,380.0048 (24.11) 37,485.0060 (10.13) 10,844.6150 (23.84) 679.6950 (19.47) 10,749.9945 (23.81) 133.0045 (12.09) 943;2392 92.2117 (0.04) 40463 1
test_parse_utc_from_iso_8601_duration[pandas] 12,851.0001 (29.85) 63,044.0045 (17.03) 13,738.5289 (30.20) 2,129.0166 (60.99) 13,286.0005 (29.42) 252.0028 (22.91) 2132;4507 72.7880 (0.03) 49814 1
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- benchmark 'test_parse_utc_from_rfc_3339': 6 tests ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name (time in ns) Min Max Mean StdDev Median IQR Outliers OPS (Kops/s) Rounds Iterations
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
test_parse_utc_from_rfc_3339[python] 546.8995 (1.0) 2,936.7999 (1.0) 561.9617 (1.0) 48.7457 (1.0) 557.4002 (1.0) 4.7999 (1.0) 1330;9474 1,779.4808 (1.0) 161996 10
test_parse_utc_from_rfc_3339[pydantic] 1,888.0019 (3.45) 45,486.0055 (15.49) 2,061.8166 (3.67) 343.7071 (7.05) 2,041.0007 (3.66) 72.0029 (15.00) 781;1966 485.0092 (0.27) 84589 1
test_parse_utc_from_rfc_3339[udatetime] 2,963.9996 (5.42) 23,734.9959 (8.08) 3,111.6239 (5.54) 342.1367 (7.02) 3,083.0051 (5.53) 56.9999 (11.88) 1121;4460 321.3756 (0.18) 135300 1
test_parse_utc_from_rfc_3339[pandas] 36,867.9976 (67.41) 52,169.9985 (17.76) 37,897.3441 (67.44) 2,257.4381 (46.31) 37,352.0015 (67.01) 346.9904 (72.29) 7;12 26.3871 (0.01) 122 1
test_parse_utc_from_rfc_3339[pendulum] 37,949.0011 (69.39) 122,067.9987 (41.56) 40,770.5634 (72.55) 7,038.6840 (144.40) 38,787.9991 (69.59) 1,089.0071 (226.88) 856;1418 24.5275 (0.01) 13577 1
test_parse_utc_from_rfc_3339[arrow] 212,758.0010 (389.03) 429,957.9959 (146.40) 227,309.2798 (404.49) 32,289.9198 (662.42) 219,326.0007 (393.48) 7,462.2531 (>1000.0) 81;166 4.3993 (0.00) 1297 1
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- benchmark 'test_parse_utc_from_timestamp': 5 tests ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name (time in ns) Min Max Mean StdDev Median IQR Outliers OPS (Kops/s) Rounds Iterations
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
test_parse_utc_from_timestamp[python] 164.2699 (1.0) 750.0300 (1.0) 166.6250 (1.0) 6.1398 (1.0) 166.0699 (1.0) 0.5600 (1.0) 1091;2015 6,001.4999 (1.0) 59355 100
test_parse_utc_from_timestamp[udatetime] 319.9966 (1.95) 27,966.0017 (37.29) 362.5104 (2.18) 208.5176 (33.96) 354.0044 (2.13) 11.9981 (21.43) 399;7142 2,758.5419 (0.46) 139978 1
test_parse_utc_from_timestamp[pydantic] 1,952.0012 (11.88) 23,296.0010 (31.06) 2,076.8808 (12.46) 349.0958 (56.86) 2,052.9988 (12.36) 47.0027 (83.94) 1538;7027 481.4913 (0.08) 195695 1
test_parse_utc_from_timestamp[arrow] 5,783.0039 (35.20) 29,353.9997 (39.14) 6,076.7740 (36.47) 534.9664 (87.13) 6,016.9987 (36.23) 99.9935 (178.57) 1310;2604 164.5610 (0.03) 76197 1
test_parse_utc_from_timestamp[pendulum] 9,022.9951 (54.93) 40,260.0053 (53.68) 9,399.1899 (56.41) 727.1538 (118.43) 9,303.9998 (56.02) 107.0002 (191.09) 1354;3889 106.3921 (0.02) 66761 1
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------ benchmark 'test_substract_timedelta': 4 tests -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name (time in us) Min Max Mean StdDev Median IQR Outliers OPS (Kops/s) Rounds Iterations
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
test_substract_timedelta[python] 1.4470 (1.0) 10.2197 (1.0) 1.5154 (1.0) 0.1647 (1.0) 1.4970 (1.0) 0.0220 (1.0) 2653;7934 659.8835 (1.0) 179534 3
test_substract_timedelta[dateutil] 10.5660 (7.30) 46.7380 (4.57) 11.1257 (7.34) 1.2266 (7.45) 10.9330 (7.30) 0.1350 (6.14) 1768;4846 89.8817 (0.14) 59256 1
test_substract_timedelta[pendulum] 13.2590 (9.16) 40.6270 (3.98) 13.6792 (9.03) 0.7664 (4.65) 13.5700 (9.06) 0.1230 (5.59) 1293;2895 73.1037 (0.11) 52660 1
test_substract_timedelta[arrow] 20.3030 (14.03) 48.7710 (4.77) 20.8930 (13.79) 1.0844 (6.58) 20.7180 (13.84) 0.1830 (8.32) 1041;2143 47.8630 (0.07) 32341 1
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- benchmark 'test_timedelta_to_seconds': 2 tests ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name (time in ns) Min Max Mean StdDev Median IQR Outliers OPS (Mops/s) Rounds Iterations
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
test_timedelta_to_seconds[python] 251.2222 (1.0) 1,612.3886 (1.0) 258.5957 (1.0) 21.6611 (1.0) 255.4443 (1.0) 2.0559 (1.0) 3084;25777 3.8670 (1.0) 199243 18
test_timedelta_to_seconds[pendulum] 267.6470 (1.07) 1,661.2355 (1.03) 281.8234 (1.09) 28.2951 (1.31) 279.4118 (1.09) 8.5878 (4.18) 2857;3330 3.5483 (0.92) 196657 17
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- benchmark 'test_weekday': 4 tests ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name (time in ns) Min Max Mean StdDev Median IQR Outliers OPS (Mops/s) Rounds Iterations
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
test_weekday[python] 117.1700 (1.0) 412.5700 (1.09) 119.4933 (1.0) 7.5511 (1.0) 118.7300 (1.0) 0.6000 (1.0) 1166;4945 8.3687 (1.0) 78297 100
test_weekday[udatetime] 117.3301 (1.00) 377.2100 (1.0) 120.7656 (1.01) 13.9809 (1.85) 118.8400 (1.00) 0.6099 (1.02) 1952;5586 8.2805 (0.99) 80743 100
test_weekday[arrow] 243.1054 (2.07) 1,256.6843 (3.33) 251.2140 (2.10) 19.8574 (2.63) 249.9471 (2.11) 2.3153 (3.86) 1137;12618 3.9807 (0.48) 191351 19
test_weekday[pendulum] 684.1998 (5.84) 2,870.7997 (7.61) 702.6246 (5.88) 42.0854 (5.57) 698.9998 (5.89) 5.9001 (9.83) 879;3959 1.4232 (0.17) 101989 10
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Legend:
Outliers: 1 Standard Deviation from Mean; 1.5 IQR (InterQuartile Range) from 1st Quartile and 3rd Quartile.
OPS: Operations Per Second, computed as 1 / Mean