New surfaces module

[mkelley]

New surfaces module, addressing the first step in issue #415.

This PR defines the API for surfaces via the Surface class, and provides support for sunlight scattering off a Lambertian surface:

• Instances of the Surface class require four methods:
  • absorptance(i)
  • emittance(e, phi)
  • reflectance(i, e, phi)
  • radiance(F_i, i, e, phi)
• The provided LambertianSurface class defines absorptance, emittance, and reflectance for a surface that uniformly scatters light in all directions.
• ScatteredLight defines radiance for a surface scattering a light source.
• The ScatteredSunlight adds scattered_sunlight, which is used to calculate the radiance from a surface scattering sunlight. It is mainly for user convenience.

See the documentation for more.

I'm open to any suggestions, especially if improvements in the names and terminology are needed.

[pep8speaks]

Hello @mkelley! Thanks for updating this PR. We checked the lines you've touched for PEP 8 issues, and found:

• In the file sbpy/surfaces/scattered.py:

Line 109:63: E203 whitespace before ':'
Line 119:59: E203 whitespace before ':'

Comment last updated at 2025-01-15 13:22:57 UTC

[github-actions]

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[codecov]

Codecov Report

❌ Patch coverage is 94.53552% with 10 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.
✅ Project coverage is 84.90%. Comparing base (843b1a2) to head (3adda27).
⚠️ Report is 1 commits behind head on main.

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
sbpy/surfaces/scattered.py	85.71%	4 Missing ⚠️
sbpy/surfaces/surface.py	92.10%	3 Missing ⚠️
sbpy/shape/core.py	83.33%	2 Missing ⚠️
sbpy/units/typing.py	90.00%	1 Missing ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main     #418      +/-   ##
==========================================
+ Coverage   84.72%   84.90%   +0.17%     
==========================================
  Files          92      100       +8     
  Lines        8459     8616     +157     
==========================================
+ Hits         7167     7315     +148     
- Misses       1292     1301       +9     

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