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libcurl vs urllib3

Both

support HTTP(S)
Support redirects
Connection pooling
SOCKS and HTTP proxies
Multipart formposts
Gzip and brotli decompression
TLS client certs (HTTPS mutual authentication)
Thread-safe
MIT licensed

Libcurl

Written in C89
Smaller footprint (on disk and in memory)
More protocols
Much faster
HTTPS proxy
HTTP/2 (and multiplexing)
DNS-over-HTTPS
Much older (first version shipped 2001)

urllib3

written in Python