main.tex

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% This is a template for LaTeX thesis (M.Sc. or PhD) at ZHAW.
% 
% ZHAW thesis template downloaded from:
% https://github.com/matteodelucchi/ZHAW_thesis-template
% 
% University specific changes were made by:
% Matteo Delucchi
%
% Based on a template downloaded from:
% http://www.LaTeXTemplates.com
% 
% Version 2.x major modifications by:
% Vel (vel@latextemplates.com)
%
% This template is based on a template by:
% Steve Gunn (http://users.ecs.soton.ac.uk/srg/softwaretools/document/templates/)
% Sunil Patel (http://www.sunilpatel.co.uk/thesis-template/)
%
% Template license:
% CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/)
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
%	PACKAGES AND OTHER DOCUMENT CONFIGURATIONS
%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

\documentclass[
11pt, % The default document font size, options: 10pt, 11pt, 12pt
%oneside, % Two side (alternating margins) for binding by default, uncomment to switch to one side
english, % ngerman for German
singlespacing, % Single line spacing, alternatives: onehalfspacing or doublespacing
%draft, % Uncomment to enable draft mode (no pictures, no links, overfull hboxes indicated)
%nolistspacing, % If the document is onehalfspacing or doublespacing, uncomment this to set spacing in lists to single
%liststotoc, % Uncomment to add the list of figures/tables/etc to the table of contents
%toctotoc, % Uncomment to add the main table of contents to the table of contents
%parskip, % Uncomment to add space between paragraphs
%nohyperref, % Uncomment to not load the hyperref package
headsepline, % Uncomment to get a line under the header
%chapterinoneline, % Uncomment to place the chapter title next to the number on one line
%consistentlayout, % Uncomment to change the layout of the declaration, abstract and acknowledgements pages to match the default layout
]{MastersDoctoralThesis} % The class file specifying the document structure

\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc} % Required for inputting international characters
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc} % Output font encoding for international characters

%\usepackage[x-5pg]{pdfx} %for PDF-X support. Has problems with xcolor and hyperref
%\usepackage{subfigure}
\usepackage{caption}
\usepackage{subcaption}


\usepackage{mathpazo} % Use the Palatino font by default

\usepackage[backend=biber,  % Use the bibtex backend with the authoryear citation style (which resembles APA)
sorting=none, % numbers the reference in order of their appearance in the document. Troubleshoot with deleting all *.aux and *.bbl files and rebuild.
style=numeric-comp,
natbib=true]{biblatex}

\addbibresource{thesis/bibliography.bib} % The filename of the bibliography


\usepackage[autostyle=true]{csquotes} % Required to generate language-dependent quotes in the bibliography

\usepackage{pdfpages}

\usepackage{todonotes}
\setlength{\marginparwidth}{2.5cm} % uncomment this if the todonotes are out of margins (cut off page)

% \usepackage{listings}
\usepackage{physics}
\usepackage{minted}
\usepackage[braket, qm]{qcircuit} % draw quantum circuits (manual: http://mirrors.ibiblio.org/CTAN/graphics/qcircuit/qcircuit.pdf)
\usepackage{graphicx}

\usepackage{tikz}
% \usetikzlibrary{quantikz} % draw quantum circuits % exclusive with \usepackage[braket, qm]{qcircuit}
\usetikzlibrary{positioning}
\usepackage{listofitems} % for \readlist to create arrays
\usetikzlibrary{arrows.meta} % for arrow size
\usepackage[outline]{contour} % glow around text
\contourlength{1.4pt}
\tikzset{>=latex} % for LaTeX arrow head
\colorlet{myred}{red!80!black}
\colorlet{myblue}{blue!80!black}
\colorlet{mygreen}{green!60!black}
\colorlet{myorange}{orange!70!red!60!black}
\colorlet{mydarkred}{red!30!black}
\colorlet{mydarkblue}{blue!40!black}
\colorlet{mydarkgreen}{green!30!black}
\tikzstyle{node}=[thick,circle,draw=myblue,minimum size=22,inner sep=0.5,outer sep=0.6]
\tikzstyle{node in}=[node,green!20!black,draw=mygreen!30!black,fill=mygreen!25]
\tikzstyle{node hidden}=[node,blue!20!black,draw=myblue!30!black,fill=myblue!20]
\tikzstyle{node convol}=[node,orange!20!black,draw=myorange!30!black,fill=myorange!20]
\tikzstyle{node out}=[node,red!20!black,draw=myred!30!black,fill=myred!20]
\tikzstyle{connect}=[thick,mydarkblue] %,line cap=round
\tikzstyle{connect arrow}=[-{Latex[length=4,width=3.5]},thick,mydarkblue,shorten <=0.5,shorten >=1]
\tikzset{ % node styles, numbered for easy mapping with \nstyle
  node 1/.style={node in},
  node 2/.style={node hidden},
  node 3/.style={node out},
}
\def\nstyle{int(\lay<\Nnodlen?min(2,\lay):3)} % map layer number onto 1, 2, or 3

\definecolor{codegreen}{rgb}{0,0.6,0}
\definecolor{codegray}{rgb}{0.5,0.5,0.5}
\definecolor{codepurple}{rgb}{0.58,0,0.82}
\definecolor{backcolour}{rgb}{0.921, 0.929, 0.937} %0.95,0.95,0.92

% \lstdefinestyle{mystyle}{
% backgroundcolor=\color{backcolour},   
% commentstyle=\color{codegreen},
% keywordstyle=\color{magenta},
% numberstyle=\tiny\color{codegray},
% stringstyle=\color{codepurple},
% basicstyle=\ttfamily\footnotesize,
% breakatwhitespace=false,         
% breaklines=true,                 
% captionpos=b,                    
% keepspaces=true,                 
% numbers=left,                    
% numbersep=5pt,                  
% showspaces=false,                
% showstringspaces=false,
% showtabs=false,                  
% tabsize=2
% }

% \lstset{style=mystyle}

\usepackage{multirow}
\usepackage{makecell} % formatting tables
\usepackage{tablefootnote} % for table footnotes

%needed to display svgs
\usepackage{svg}

%used for nice quotations
\usepackage[
    left = `,%
    right = ',%
    leftsub = ``,%
    rightsub = ''%
]{dirtytalk}


\usepackage[figuresleft]{rotating}

%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
%	MARGIN SETTINGS
%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

\geometry{
paper=a4paper, % Change to letterpaper for US letter
inner=2.5cm, % Inner margin
outer=3.8cm, % Outer margin
bindingoffset=.5cm, % Binding offset
top=1.5cm, % Top margin
bottom=1.5cm, % Bottom margin
%showframe, % Uncomment to show how the type block is set on the page
}


%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
%	THESIS INFORMATION
%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

\thesistitle{Evaluation of Quantum Machine Learning Algorithms} % Your thesis title, this is used in the title and abstract, print it elsewhere with \ttitle
\supervisor{Prof. Dr. Kurt \textsc{Stockinger} \\ Prof. Dr. Rudolf Marcel \textsc{Füchslin}} % Your supervisor's name, this is used in the title page, print it elsewhere with \supname
\examiner{} % Your examiner's name, this is not currently used anywhere in the template, print it elsewhere with \examname
\degree{Bachelor Thesis} % Your degree name (Doctor of Philosophy or Master of Science), this is used in the title page and abstract, print it elsewhere with \degreename
\author{Ricardo Daniel \textsc{Monteiro Simões}\\  Patrick \textsc{Huber}}
\addresses{} % Your address, this is not currently used anywhere in the template, print it elsewhere with \addressname

\keywords{} % Keywords for your thesis, this is not currently used anywhere in the template, print it elsewhere with \keywordnames
\university{\href{https://www.zhaw.ch/en/university/}{Zurich University of Applied Sciences}} % Your university's name and URL, this is used in the title page and abstract, print it elsewhere with \univname
\universitygerman{\href{https://www.zhaw.ch/de/hochschule/}{Z{\"u}rcher Hochschule f{\"u}r Angewandte Wissenschaften}}% Your university's name in german and URL, this is used in the german abstract (Zusammenfassung), print it elsewhere with \univnameger
\department{\href{https://www.zhaw.ch/de/engineering/institute-zentren/init/}{Institute of Applied Information Technology}} % Your department's name and URL, this is used in the title page and abstract, print it elsewhere with \deptname
\group{\href{https://www.zhaw.ch/de/engineering/institute-zentren/init/}{Institut für angewandte Informationstechnologie}} % Your research group's name and URL, this is used in the title page, print it elsewhere with \groupname
\faculty{\href{https://www.zhaw.ch/de/lsfm/}{Life Sciences and Facility Management}} % Your faculty's name and URL, this is used in the title page and abstract, print it elsewhere with \facname

\AtBeginDocument{
\hypersetup{pdftitle=\ttitle} % Set the PDF's title to your title
\hypersetup{pdfauthor=\authorname} % Set the PDF's author to your name
\hypersetup{pdfkeywords=\keywordnames} % Set the PDF's keywords to your keywords
}

\begin{document}

\frontmatter % Use roman page numbering style (i, ii, iii, iv...) for the pre-content pages

\pagestyle{plain} % Default to the plain heading style until the thesis style is called for the body content


%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
%	OFFICIAL ZHAW TITLE PAGE
%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

\includepdf{thesis/Appendices/ZHAW_mandated/ZHAW_Titelblatt.pdf}

\clearpage

%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
%	DECLARATION PAGE
%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


\begin{declaration}
\addchaptertocentry{\authorshipname} % Add the declaration to the table of contents
\textbf{Bachelor's Thesis at the School of Engineering}

By submitting this Bachelor’s thesis, the undersigned student confirms that this thesis is his/her own work and was written without the help of a third party. (Group works: the performance of the other group members are not considered as third party).

The student declares that all sources in the text (including Internet pages) and appendices have been correctly disclosed. This means that there has been no plagiarism, i.e. no sections of the Bachelor thesis have been partially or wholly taken from other texts and represented as the student’s own work or included without being correctly referenced.

Any misconduct will be dealt with according to paragraphs 39 and 40 of the General Academic Regulations for Bachelor’s and Master’s Degree courses at the Zurich University of Applied Sciences (Rahmenprüfungsordnung ZHAW (RPO)) and subject to the provisions for disciplinary action stipulated in the University regulations.

\vspace{3.5cm}

\begin{minipage}[t]{0.4\textwidth}
\begin{flushleft} \large
\textbf{City, Date:}\\
09. June 2022
\end{flushleft}
\end{minipage}
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.5\textwidth}
\begin{flushright} \large
\textbf{Name Student:} \\
\authorname
\end{flushright}
\end{minipage}\\[3cm]


\end{declaration}

\clearpage

%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
%	TITLE PAGE
%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

\begin{titlepage}
\begin{center}

\begin{figure}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=0.15\textwidth]{thesis/Figures/ZHAW_Logo.png} % Universtiy Logo, Adapted from: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/ZHAW_Logo.svg/879px-ZHAW_Logo.svg.png
\end{figure}

\vspace*{.06\textheight}
{\scshape\LARGE \univname\par}\vspace{1.5cm} % University name
\textsc{\Large Bachelor Thesis}\\[0.5cm] % Thesis type

\HRule \\[0.4cm] % Horizontal line
{\huge \bfseries \ttitle\par}\vspace{0.4cm} % Thesis title
\HRule \\[1.5cm] % Horizontal line
 
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.4\textwidth}
\begin{flushleft} \large
\emph{Authors:}\\
\authorname % Author name - remove the \href bracket to remove the link
\end{flushleft}
\end{minipage}
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.4\textwidth}
\begin{flushright} \large
\emph{Supervisors:} \\
\supname % Supervisor name - remove the \href bracket to remove the link  
\end{flushright}
\end{minipage}\\[3cm]
 
\vfill

%\large \textit{A project thesis submitted in fulfillment of the requirements}\\[0.3cm] % University requirement text
%\textit{of the}\\[0.4cm]
%\groupname\\
%\deptname\\[2cm] % Research group name and department name
 
\vfill

{\large \today}\\[4cm] % Date
%\includegraphics{Logo} % University/department logo - uncomment to place it
 
\vfill
\end{center}
\end{titlepage}



%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
%	QUOTATION PAGE
%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

%\vspace*{0.2\textheight}

% \noindent\enquote{\itshape I'm fascinated by the idea that genetics is digital. A gene is a long sequence of coded letters, like computer information. Modern biology is becoming very much a branch of information technology.}\bigbreak

% \hfill Richard Dawkins


% \vspace*{0.2\textheight}

% \noindent\enquote{\itshape A line is a dot that went for a walk.}\bigbreak

% \hfill Paul Klee
%\todo{find a good quote}
%\noindent\enquote{\itshape You can’t connect the dots looking forward; you can only connect them looking backwards. So you have to trust that the dots will somehow connect in your future. You have to trust in something – your gut, destiny, life, karma, %whatever. Because believing that the dots will connect down the road will give you the confidence to follow your heart even when it leads you off the well worn path; and that will make all the difference.
%}\bigbreak
%\hfill{Steve Jobs} \newline 
%\strut\hfill{\tiny{(Stanford commencement speech, June 2005)}}

%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
%	ABSTRACT PAGE
%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

\begin{abstract}
\addchaptertocentry{\abstractname} % Add the abstract to the table of contents
Quantum computing has been put into the spotlight by recent advancements and achievements, from proofs of quantum advantage to breakthroughs in the available hardware. Manufacturers that offer open accessibility to quantum hardware enable the advancement of the field through open research, engineering, and education. Meanwhile, machine learning has turned into a critical component of computer science for the past decade and enabled a multitude of solutions previously deemed unachievable. Proposals in the field of quantum computing suggest and point to quantum \emph{enhanced} machine learning algorithms being even more promising than purely classical offerings. This thesis takes on the task of comparing quantum enhanced support vector machines with purely quantum neural networks. Simultaneously, a quantum neural network is designed to take on the task of solving a data-intensive NP-hard problem. Whilst the current machine learning offerings for quantum circuits are quite limited, the results of the experiments show promising, reproducible results. At the same time they show that quantum computing using normal, non machine learning circuits, has enough potential to take a shot at solving even NP-hard problems.

\end{abstract}

%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
%	German ABSTRACT PAGE
%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

%\begin{extraAbstract}
%    \addchaptertocentry{\extraabstractname} % Add the abstract to the table of contents
%Die Zusammenfassung der Dissertation wird hier geschrieben (und normalerweise nur auf dieser Seite gehalten). Die Seite wird %vertikal zentriert, so dass sie sich auch in den leeren Raum über dem Titel ausdehnen kann\ldots
%
%Strukturiere sie wie folgt: Kontext, Bedarf (was wir haben), Bedarf (was wir wollen), Aufgabe, Gegenstand des Dokuments, %Ergebnisse, Schlussfolgerung und Perspektiven. 
%    
%\end{extraAbstract}
%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
%	ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

%\begin{acknowledgements}
%\addchaptertocentry{\acknowledgementname} % Add the acknowledgements to the table of contents
%The acknowledgments and the people to thank go here, don't forget to include your project advisor\ldots
%\end{acknowledgements}

%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
%	LIST OF CONTENTS
%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

\tableofcontents % Prints the main table of contents

%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
%	DEDICATION
%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

%\dedicatory{For/Dedicated to/To my\ldots} 

%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
%	PREFACE
%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

%\begin{preface}
%   \addchaptertocentry{\prefacename} % Add the acknowledgements to the table of contents
%   Explain the motivation for the topic in general. Go through each chapter and explain how they contribute to your research %question.
%    Check the thesis of Johannes John Carel Kuiper for a good example preface: %\url{https://dspace.library.uu.nl/bitstream/handle/1874/90/full.pdf?sequence=2&isAllowed=y}
%\end{preface}

%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
%	THESIS CONTENT - CHAPTERS
%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

\mainmatter % Begin numeric (1,2,3...) page numbering

\pagestyle{thesis} % Return the page headers back to the "thesis" style

% Include the chapters of the thesis as separate files from the Chapters folder
% Uncomment the lines as you write the chapters
\clearpage
\include{thesis/Chapters/introduction}
\include{thesis/Chapters/theoretical_fundamentals}
\include{thesis/Chapters/approach_and_methods}
\include{thesis/Chapters/results}
\include{thesis/Chapters/discussion}


%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
%	LIST OF FIGURES/TABLES PAGES
%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
% Chapter 6

\chapter{Directory} % Main chapter title
\label{chapter:directory}

\listoffigures % Prints the list of figures

\listoftables % Prints the list of tables

\renewcommand\listoflistingscaption{List of source codes}
\listoflistings % Prints the list of code listings

%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
%	BIBLIOGRAPHY
%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
% Chapter 7

%\chapter{Bibliography} % Main chapter title
%\label{chapter:bibliography}

\printbibliography

%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
%	THESIS CONTENT - APPENDICES
%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

\appendix % Cue to tell LaTeX that the following "chapters" are Appendices

% Include the appendices of the thesis as separate files from the Appendices folder
% Uncomment the lines as you write the Appendices

%\include{Appendices/DeclarationOfOriginalityZHAW} % from https://www.zhaw.ch/en/lsfm/study/studiweb/master-ls/masters-thesis/
%\include{Appendices/AppendixB}
%\include{Appendices/AppendixC}


%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
%	ABBREVIATIONS
%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

%%OPTIONAL
%Chapter 8

%\chapter{ABBREVIATIONS} % Main chapter title

%\label{Chapter8}


%\begin{abbreviations}{ll} % Include a list of abbreviations (a table of two columns)

%\textbf{QNN} & \textbf{Q}uantum \textbf{N}eural \textbf{N}etwork\\
%\textbf{QSVM} & \textbf{Q}uantum \textbf{S}upport \textbf{F}or\\

%\end{abbreviations}

%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
%	PHYSICAL CONSTANTS/OTHER DEFINITIONS
%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
%%OPTIONAL
% Chapter 9

%\chapter{Physical Constants} % Main chapter title

%\label{Chapter9}

%\begin{constants}{lr@{${}={}$}l} % The list of physical constants is a three column table

% The \SI{}{} command is provided by the siunitx package, see its documentation for instructions on how to use it

%Speed of Light & $c_{0}$ & \SI{2.99792458e8}{\meter\per\second} (exact)\\
%Constant Name & $Symbol$ & $Constant Value$ with units\\

%\end{constants}

%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
%	SYMBOLS
%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
%%OPTIONAL
% Chapter 10

%\chapter{Symbols} % Main chapter title

%\label{Chapter10}
%\begin{symbols}{lll} % Include a list of Symbols (a three column table)

%$a$ & distance & \si{\meter} \\
%$P$ & power & \si{\watt} (\si{\joule\per\second}) \\
%Symbol & Name & Unit \\

%\addlinespace % Gap to separate the Roman symbols from the Greek

%$\omega$ & angular frequency & \si{\radian} \\

%\end{symbols}


%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

\end{document}