refactor[cartesian]: Better error message for out of bound read on stencils (#2567)

- Better error message for out of bound read: refactor [cartesian]

## Description

Changed the error message raised when a stencil attempts to read outside
of the valid bounds of an array. The new message now provides
information about which fields fail, their side, and some tips to guide
users resolving the error.

Existing test suite covers this change, new tests should not be required
to validate this change.

Author: CharlesKrop

AUTHORS.md

@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
 - Kardos, Péter. ETH Zurich - EXCLAIM
 - Kellerhals, Samuel. ETH Zurich - EXCLAIM
 - Kotsalos, Christos. ETH Zurich - CSCS
+- Kropiewnicki, Charles. SSAI/NASA-GSFC
 - Luz, Magdalena. ETH Zurich - EXCLAIM
 - Madonna, Alberto. ETH Zurich - CSCS
 - Mariotti, Kean. ETH Zurich - CSCS

src/gt4py/cartesian/stencil_object.py

@@ -376,14 +376,27 @@ def _validate_args(  # Function is too complex
             raise ValueError(f"Compute domain contains zero sizes '{domain}')")
 
         if not domain <= (
-            max_domain := self._get_max_domain(
+            self._get_max_domain(
                 arg_infos, self.domain_info, self.field_info, origin, squeeze=False
             )
         ):
-            raise ValueError(
-                f"Compute domain too large (provided: {domain}, maximum: {max_domain}. Check stencil domain provided or adjust K interval as needed.)"
+            offending_fields = []
+            for name, info in self.field_info.items():
+                field_used_domain = self._get_max_domain(
+                    arg_infos, self.domain_info, {name: info}, origin, squeeze=False
+                )
+                if field_used_domain < domain:
+                    offending_fields.append((name, field_used_domain))
+
+            error = ValueError(
+                f"Compute domain too large for stencil {self.options['name']}: \n"
+                f"  Stencil domain is {domain} but field indexation leads to read outside of bounds.\n"
+                f"  Check region/horizontal offsets or interval/vertical offsets, or stencil domain.\n"
+                f"  Offending fields (name, size with offset removed): {offending_fields}"
             )
 
+            raise error
+
         if domain[2] < self.domain_info.min_sequential_axis_size:
             raise ValueError(
                 f"Compute domain too small. Sequential axis is {domain[2]}, but must be at least {self.domain_info.min_sequential_axis_size}."